Bird impact poses serious threats to military and civilian aircrafts as they lead to fatal structural damage to critical aircraft\r\ncomponents. The exposed aircraft components such as windshields, radomes, leading edges, engine structure, and blades are\r\nvulnerable to bird strikes. Windshield is the frontal part of cockpit and more susceptible to bird impact. In the present study,\r\nfinite element (FE) simulations were performed to assess the dynamic response of windshield against high velocity bird impact.\r\nNumerical simulationswere performed by developing nonlinear FEmodel in commercially available explicit FE solverAUTODYN.\r\nAn elastic-plastic material model coupled with maximum principal strain failure criterion was implemented to model the impact\r\nresponse of windshield. Numerical model was validated with published experimental results and further employed to investigate\r\nthe influence of various parameters on dynamic behavior of windshield. The parameters include the mass, shape, and velocity of\r\nbird, angle of impact, and impact location. On the basis of numerical results, the critical bird velocity and failure locations on\r\nwindshield were also determined.The results show that these parameters have strong influence on impact response of windshield,\r\nand bird velocity and impact angle were amongst the most critical factors to be considered in windshield design.
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